How Green is the Supply Chain? Practice and Research

The issue of greening supply chains is critical for the successful implementation of industrial ecosystems and industrial ecology. In fact, Bloemhof-Ruward, et al., (1995) have argued that waste and emissions caused by the supply chain have become the main sources of serious environmental problems including global warming and acid rain. Organizations have a number of reasons for implementing these green supply chain policies, from reactive regulatory reasons, to proactive strategic and competitive advantage reasons. From an overall environmental and organizational perspective, it is important to understand the situation and what issues exist in this field of study.